Researchers to investigate footballers’ heights in debate over goal sizes

Professor Adrian Bell, Head of the ICMA Centre, was featured recently in the Spanish Newspaper 'Expansión' (http://www.expansion.com/).

Congratulations to ICMA Centre PhD student Zilu Shang on the receipt of a Best Paper Award at the 7th Global Business and Social Science Research Conference (BSSRC).

Infrastructure is the new buzzword in finance these days even though infrastructure has been important at least since the days when the Romans built their roads across Britain and Europe. The difference today is that increasingly the government says it cannot finance such infrastructure - roads, railways, power generation, telecoms, airports etc. The telecoms industry is already completely privately owned in most countries as are an increasing number of airports across the world. But governments everywhere are now looking ever more to public private partnerships (PPPs) to provide the annual funding (the annual revenues required to service bank loan and bond interest payments and capital repayments and equity dividends) as well as the actual financing (the arranging of bank loans, bond issues and equity share issues) to provide the cash up-front.